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Party games are games that are played as a part of a party, to facilitate interaction and provide entertainment and recreation at social gatherings. Categories include (explicit) icebreakers, parlour (indoor), picnic (outdoor), and large group games.〔Frankel, Lillian; Frankel, Godfrey; and Anderson, Doug (2007). ''Party Games for Adults'', p.7. Sterling. ISBN 9781402746864.〕〔Sheila Anne Barry (1987). ''The World's Best Party Games'', p.3. Sterling. ISBN 9780806964843.〕 Other types include pairing off (partnered) games, and parlour races.〔 Different games will generate different atmospheres so the party game may merely be intended as an icebreaker, or the sole purpose for or structure of the party. As such, party games aim to include players of various skill levels and player-elimination is rare.〔Meyer, Ben (2009). "Fort Ancient: Ohio", ''Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Game Based Learning'', p.259. Academic Conferences. ISBN 9781906638474.〕 Party games are intended to be played socially, and are designed to be easy for new players to learn.〔McGonigal, Jane (2011). ''Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World'', unpaginated. Penguin. ISBN 9781101475492.〕 ==Characteristics== The characteristics of party games tend to include: *A game can support a relatively large or undefined number of players, compared to more traditional board games or card games that require a small, set number of players. Some games, especially commercial games, have a set limit based on available equipment; others are limited by other mechanics of the game like time for each turn, while still others have no practical limit. *Team-based play in party games is common, but not required. Games that divide players into two, three, or four roughly equal teams, such as ''Cranium'', Who's Got Game? by Neil Strauss, Charades or ''Pictionary'' tend to allow for larger total numbers of players. By contrast, other games such as Werewolf and ''How to Host a Murder'' are role-based, with each player being given a character or other role to play in the course of the game. The number of players is limited to the number of roles, but in many such games there are "generic" roles allowing for a high degree of flexibility. *Cooperation and interaction between players is encouraged. Both team and role-based play generally encourage this social aspect to the game; games that do not encourage this interaction generally make poor party games. *Multiple ways to play and contribute. For example, in ''Fictionary'' not everyone needs to create plausible dictionary definitions; humorous submissions are welcome. In Charades, players can actively participate in guessing without taking a turn at acting. Sports often make poor party games as limitations in a player's physical abilities may preclude participation though some party games, such as: relay racing and Red light/Green light, involve a significant physical aspect and are especially suitable for groups similar in age and ability. *Players participate in gameplay frequently, sometimes on an impromptu basis. Games in which each player has their own independent turn generally make poor party games, especially if a turn takes a long time. *A game should also have entertainment value for spectators. Many party games involve at least some level of humor, whether inherent in the game or introduced by players. In this way, players not taking a turn can still enjoy the gameplay, whilst party favors can embellish the party atmosphere. *Player elimination is rare. ''Monopoly'' makes a poor party game, because bankrupt players must sit out while the remaining players continue to the game's conclusion, which can take several hours. In contrast, no matter how far behind a team is in ''Pictionary'', all players can participate until the end. *The amount of specialized equipment needed is not dependent on the number of players. Games such as Liar's Dice make poor party games because each player needs a cup and five dice to start the game. By contrast, ''Yahtzee'' needs only one cup and set of dice regardless of the number of players (the basic Yahtzee game does have other practical limitations). *The game usually does not involve spending real money as a prerequisite or consequence of playing. Games that require each player to purchase consumable items or specialized equipment are usually poor party games. Casino games are a notable exception. Examples include "casino nights" with a token door charge or buy-in for charity or to defray costs and poker tournaments with a similar small buy-in. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「party game」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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